American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Which exams are part of the standardized evaluation for encephalitis?

1. Blood tests and physical examination

2. CT scan and blood tests

3. Lumbar puncture, brain MRI, and electroencephalography

4. Ultrasound and EEG

The correct answer is: Lumbar puncture, brain MRI, and electroencephalography

The selection of lumbar puncture, brain MRI, and electroencephalography as part of the standardized evaluation for encephalitis is rooted in the need to accurately diagnose the condition and assess the underlying causes. A lumbar puncture is essential as it allows for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can reveal signs of infection, inflammation, or autoimmune processes. The CSF analysis can help identify specific pathogens or abnormalities that are critical in understanding the nature of the encephalitis. A brain MRI provides detailed imaging of brain structures and can help visualize abnormalities such as edema, lesions, or inflammation that are characteristic of encephalitis. It can also assist in ruling out other potential causes of the patient's symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG) is utilized to evaluate the electrical activity of the brain. In cases of encephalitis, EEG can help identify abnormal brain wave patterns that may indicate encephalopathy or seizures, which are common complications in patients with this condition. The combination of these three tests—lumbar puncture, brain MRI, and EEG—offers a comprehensive approach to diagnosing encephalitis, facilitating accurate identification of the etiological factors involved in the condition and guiding appropriate treatment strategies.