American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the risk associated with acquired cystic kidney disease?

1. Decreased kidney function

2. Increased risk of urinary tract infections

3. Increased risk for developing renal cell carcinoma

4. Higher likelihood of hypertension

The correct answer is: Increased risk for developing renal cell carcinoma

Acquired cystic kidney disease is primarily seen in individuals with chronic kidney disease, particularly those on long-term dialysis. One of the notable risks associated with this condition is the increased potential for developing renal cell carcinoma. This connection is thought to stem from the environment within the cysts, which may facilitate the progression of precancerous lesions into malignancy. Patients with acquired cystic kidney disease often have numerous renal cysts that can harbor genetic mutations or undergo changes predisposed to cancerous transformation. Studies indicate that the risk of renal cell carcinoma is significantly higher in patients with this condition compared to the general population, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring and evaluation. While impaired kidney function, urinary tract infections, and hypertension are prevalent concerns among patients with chronic kidney disease, the distinctive association of renal cell carcinoma as a direct complication of acquired cystic kidney disease is pivotal and distinguishing. Thus, recognizing this risk factor is crucial for managing patients with this condition effectively.