American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the recommended frequency of echocardiographic surveillance for patients with severe mitral stenosis?

1. Every 6 months

2. Every year

3. Every 1-2 years

4. Every 3 years

The correct answer is: Every year

The recommended frequency of echocardiographic surveillance for patients with severe mitral stenosis is every year. This recommendation is based on the nature of the disease and the potential for progression. Severe mitral stenosis can lead to significant complications, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and regular monitoring is crucial for timely intervention. Annual echocardiograms are essential for evaluating the severity of the stenosis, assessing changes in the heart's geometry and function, and detecting any new or worsening symptoms. This allows for an effective management plan to be developed, which may include medical therapy, percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy, or surgical intervention depending on the progression. Other frequencies of echocardiographic surveillance, like every 1-2 years or longer intervals, may not provide sufficient monitoring for patients with severe mitral stenosis, risking delays in necessary treatment interventions. The choice of annual surveillance reflects a well-balanced approach to managing the risks associated with this condition while minimizing unnecessary procedures.