American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the preferred treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?

1. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

2. Oral medications

3. Surgery

4. Weighted blankets

The correct answer is: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the preferred treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for several important reasons. This non-invasive therapy works by delivering a steady stream of air through a mask that keeps the airway open during sleep, thereby preventing the collapse of the airway that characterizes OSA. It effectively reduces the frequency of apneic episodes and improves oxygenation, leading to better sleep quality and reduced daytime sleepiness. CPAP therapy has been extensively studied and shown to significantly improve clinical outcomes for patients with OSA, including improvements in cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and overall quality of life. Its consistent use can help prevent complications associated with untreated OSA, such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Other treatment options, such as oral medications or weighted blankets, are not standard or effective treatments for OSA. While surgery may be considered for certain patients with anatomical issues contributing to their sleep apnea, it is generally not the first-line approach due to the risks and variability in outcomes compared to the straightforward application of CPAP. Therefore, CPAP stands out as the most reliable and effective primary intervention for managing obstructive sleep apnea.