American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the echo surveillance recommendation for mild and moderate mitral stenosis?

1. Every 1-2 years

2. Every 3-5 years

3. Yearly

4. Every 6-12 months

The correct answer is: Every 3-5 years

In the management of mild and moderate mitral stenosis, echo surveillance is typically recommended every 3 to 5 years. This frequency is based on the understanding that mild and moderate mitral stenosis often has a slower progression compared to more severe forms of the condition. Regular echocardiographic assessments allow for monitoring changes in valve morphology and hemodynamics, ensuring that any deterioration in the patient's condition can be identified without the need for more frequent imaging. The rationale behind this interval is to balance the need for monitoring disease progression with the minimal risk that mild or moderate stenosis presents. In patients with more severe or symptomatic mitral stenosis, more frequent echocardiographic evaluations would be warranted to guide potential interventions. Thus, choosing a surveillance interval of every 3 to 5 years is adequate for patients with mild to moderate disease who are asymptomatic.